HEARING is an ARPA-H research program focused on developing a minimally invasive, brain-driven hearing system that works with the auditory cortex. Its three technical areas are intracortical devices, dynamic sound modulation, and auditory read-and-write algorithms. The planned system is intended to adapt sound to a listener’s focus, reduce background noise in real time, and supply missing sound information. ARPA-H describes the effort as addressing hearing difficulties in complex environments by considering hearing loss as a neurological challenge, not solely an ear problem.